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 Oral Anti-hyperglycemic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Introduction
Over the past 12 months, the author has delivered diabetes related CE to over 4000 pharmacists. He has learned that all too often, pharmacists are simply too busy to keep up with the latest medical treatments. On the other hand, patients look to the pharmacist as an information resource and expert on drug therapy. Pharmacists need to keep abreast of information on all the drugs that they dispensing, expecially, those that are frequently used to treat prevelant, chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. In this article, the author presents a comprehensive overview of the various classes of oral antihyperglycemic agents focusing on their respective mechanisms of action and appropriate use in treating the morbidity of this endemic debilitating disease.

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that is growing in prevalence worldwide. Pharmacologic therapy is often necessary to achieve optimal glycemic control in the management of diabetes. Orally administered antihyperglycemic agents (OHAs) can be used either alone or in combination with other OHAs or insulin. The number of available OHAs has increased significantly in the last decade, which translates into more therapeutic options and complex decision-making for physicians. This review article is designed to help with these decisions. We review the mechanism of action, efficacy and side effects of the different classes of OHAs ( -glucosidase inhibitors, biguanides, insulin secretagogues, insulin sensitizers and intestinal lipase inhibitors) and discuss the current recommendations for their use.


Faculty
Authored By
Dave Joffe R.Ph., FACA

Dave Joffe - is a graduate of University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy. He has practiced in the Tampa Bay area since 1986 and got involved in Diabetes Care in 1994. He is a 1994 graduate of the Eli Lilly Diabetes Program as a Diabetes Education Specialist. In 1997 he completed his NIPCO Certification Program as a Diabetes Outcome Manger. He completed the AADE Pharmaceutical Care Program for Diabetes Educators in 1999 and the University Minnesota Patient Care Program that same year. Also in 1999 he attended the LifeScan Pharmacy Partners in Diabetes Care Program. He attended the 2002 University South Florida, CDE Certification Course and 2002, AADE Advanced Practice Diabetes Course before sitting for the National Certification Board CDE exam in Tampa in October of 2002. Dave earned the designation of CDE in October of 2002. He is a certified CGMS (continuous glucose monitoring system) provider and is on the speakers bureaus for TheraSense, Novo, HDI, Pfizer, Aventis, Bayer and BMS. Dave is Editor In Chief of DiabetesInControl Newsletter/ Ezine and Website.


Faculty Disclosure
All faculty participating in this program have indicated they have no financial or other significant relationship with any sponsor(s) providing funding for this program.


Program Goal
This program will present an overview of the Oral Hyperglycemic medications to keep Pharmacists up to date.


Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this program, the participant will be able to:
  1. State the different classes of oral antihyperglycemic medications
  2. Describe the mechanisms of action of each class of oral antihyperglycemic medication
  3. Explain the side effects of each medication to patients
  4. Explain contraindications for each medication
  5. Describe dosing strengths and schedules for each medication
  6. Discuss the rationale for product selection for treating patients with type 2 diabetes

    Target Audience
    Approved for Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians


    Technologies Used

    Monograph Monograph

    Price: FREE!
    ACPE Accreditation
    RxSchool is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education as a provider of continuing pharmacy education.

    This home study web activity has been assigned a maximum of 1.5 credit hours (0.15 CEU) and the ACPE UPN: 372-000-05-008-H01.

    This accreditation expires on 08/06/2008.
     
    To receive educational credit, participants must complete an online evaluation form and pass the online assessment with a score of 70% or better. If you do not receive a minimum score of 70% or better, you are permitted 1 retake(s). After passing the assessment, you can view, print and track your statements of credit online. There is no fee to participate in this activity.

    The material presented here does not reflect the views of Pharmacy Choice, Inc., RxSchool, or the companies providing educational content. These materials may discuss uses and dosages for therapeutic products, processes, procedures and inferred diagnoses that have not been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. A qualified health care professional should be consulted before using any therapeutic product discussed. All readers and continuing education participants should verify all information and data before treating patients or employing any therapies described in this continuing education activity.

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